Animal Trial...

-
Throughout the middle-ages in Europe animals were, as it turns out, tried for human crimes. Animals were arraigned in court on charges ranging from murder to obscenity.

Pigs, dogs, cows, rats and even flies and caterpillars were arraigned in court with full ceremony. They would call witnesses and evidence were heard on both sides. They would grant a form of legal aid, a lawyer to the animal that was accused in order to conduct the animal's defense.

As it's said in Edward Payson Evans's book The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animalsin 1266 a pig was accused of actually eating a human being. After a trial that was held the pig was found guilty and sentenced – by the monks of Sainte Genevieve – to a death by public burning.
یورپ میں درمیانی عمر کے دوران جانوروں پر انسانی جرائم کی کوشش کی جارہی تھی۔ جانوروں کو قتل کرنے سے لے کر فحاشی تک کے الزامات کے تحت عدالت میں پیش کیا گیا تھا۔ خنزیر ، کتوں ، گائے ، چوہوں اور یہاں تک کہ مکھیوں اور کیٹرپیلوں کو پوری تقریب کے ساتھ عدالت میں پیش کیا گیا۔ وہ گواہوں کو فون کریں گے اور دونوں طرف سے شواہد سنے گئے۔ وہ جانوروں کو قانونی امداد کی ایک شکل فراہم کریں گے ، جو جانور کا دفاع کرنے کے لئے الزام لگایا گیا تھا۔ جیسا کہ ایڈورڈ پیسن ایونز کی کتاب دی کریمنل پراسیکیوشن اینڈ کیپیٹل پینشمنٹ آف اینیمسن 1266 میں کہا گیا ہے کہ ایک سور پر واقعی انسان کو کھانے کا الزام لگایا گیا تھا۔ اس مقدمے کی سماعت کے بعد ، سور کو قصوروار اور سزا سنائی گئ۔

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Hagia Sophia.....

-
Image
The Hagia Sophia , whose name means “holy wisdom,” is a domed monument originally built as a cathedral in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey ) in the sixth century A.D. It contains two floors centered on a giant nave that has a great dome ceiling, along with smaller domes, towering above. “Hagia Sophia’s dimensions are formidable for any structure not built of steel,” writes Helen Gardner and Fred Kleiner in their book "Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: A Global History." “In plan it is about 270 feet [82 meters] long and 240 feet [73 meters] wide. The dome is 108 feet [33 meters] in diameter and its crown rises some 180 feet [55 meters] above the pavement.” In its 1,400 year life-span it has served as a cathedral, mosque and now a museum. When it was first constructed, Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire. This state, officially Christian, originally formed the eastern half of the Roman Empire and carried on after the fall of Rome. F...
Read more

Benefits of Exercise. . .ورزش کے فوائد

-
Image
New research published in the journal Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention shows that exercise like walking may reduce a person's risk for cancer. The researchers found that postmenopausal women who were very active or walked for at least seven hours a week had a reduced risk for breast cancer. The researchers looked at a cohort of 73,615 postmenopausal women who reported their physical activity and found that women who participated in vigorous physical activity every day had a 25% lower risk for breast cancer, and women who walked for at least seven hours a week had a 14% lower risk for breast cancer. Given that 60% of women report some type of daily walking, the researchers say promoting walking as a leisure time activity can have protective benefits for women. Even without any other forms of exercise, women who walk had higher chances of keeping breast cancer at bay. Walking could be as beneficial to the body than say running and swimming. Research loo...
Read more

Eyes Blinking

-
Image
Scientists have shown that the average person blinks 15-20 times per minute. That's up to 1,200 times per hour and a whopping 28,800 times in a day—much more often than we need to keep our eyeballs lubricated. In fact, we spend about 10 percent of our waking hours with our eyes closed. So why do we blink so much? New research from Japan's Osaka University found that blinking may serve as a form of momentary rest for the brain, giving the mind a chance to wander and "go offline." These brief breaks may last just a split second, or even a few seconds. When our brains aren't concentrated on a task, brain regions known as the "default mode network" come alive, allowing our mind to switch into an idle mode—a phenomenon researchers discovered decades ago. But how does blinking affect this idle state? According to the new research, blinking and the brain at rest go hand in hand. In order to understand this phenomenon, scientists monitored the brain activity of ...
Read more