The Most Violent Storms: Hurricanes

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Hurricanes are the most violent storms on Earth. People call these storms by other names, such as typhoons or cyclones, depending on where they occur. The scientific term for all these storms is tropical cyclone. Only tropical cyclones that form over the Atlantic Ocean or eastern Pacific Ocean are called "hurricanes." Whatever they are called, tropical cyclones all form the same way.


Tropical cyclones are like giant engines that use warm, moist air as fuel. That is why they form only over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface. Because this air moves up and away from the surface, there is less air left near the surface. Another way to say the same thing is that the warm air rises, causing an area of lower air pressure below.


سمندری طوفان زمین پر انتہائی پُرتشدد طوفان ہیں۔  لوگ طوفان کو دوسرے ناموں سے کہتے ہیں ، جیسے طوفان یا طوفان ، جہاں ہوتے ہیں اس پر انحصار کرتے ہیں۔  ان تمام طوفانوں کے لئے سائنسی اصطلاح اشنکٹبندیی طوفان ہے۔  بحر اوقیانوس یا مشرقی بحر الکاہل کے اوپر بننے والے اشنکٹبندیی طوفان کو ہی "سمندری طوفان" کہا جاتا ہے۔  جسے بھی کہا جاتا ہے ، اشنکٹبندیی طوفان سب ایک ہی طرح سے تشکیل دیتے ہیں۔


 اشنکٹبندیی طوفان دیوہیکل انجنوں کی طرح ہیں جو گرم ، نم ہوا کو ایندھن کے طور پر استعمال کرتے ہیں۔  یہی وجہ ہے کہ وہ خط استوا کے قریب گرم سمندری پانیوں پر ہی بنتے ہیں۔  سمندر کے اوپر گرم ، نم ہوا ہوا سطح کے قریب سے اوپر کی طرف اٹھتا ہے۔  کیونکہ یہ ہوا سطح سے اوپر اور دور ہوتی ہے ، اس لئے سطح کے قریب کم ہوا رہ جاتی ہے۔  ایک ہی بات کہنے کا ایک اور طریقہ یہ ہے کہ گرم ہوا بڑھتی ہے ، جس سے نیچے ہوا کا دباؤ کم ہوتا ہے۔

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